Co-hydrothermal carbonization of swine and chicken manure: Influence of cross-interaction on hydrochar and liquid characteristics

Swine and chicken manures are abundant solid wastes that can be converted into carbonaceous materials through hydrothermal carbonization (HTC). Owing to their unique biochemical compositions, co-HTC of these two types may have significant implications for the generated products. We investigated swine manure understand influence interaction between contrasting on properties derived The results indicated treatment enhanced formation product improved C N contents, heating value, energy yield resulting hydrochar. Regarding ignition temperature comprehensive combustion index, hydrochar were owing mutual effect HTC intermediates. Additionally, intermediates significantly impacted transfer nitrogenous species generation organic acids polymers with fused-ring structures. Therefore, processing animal could potentially provide a sustainable pathway conversion waste products characteristics compared those produced by treating feedstocks separately. • Co-HTC mixture individual HTC. from mixed deoxygenation. favored carbon nitrogen enrichment in Synergistic Interaction features liquid